Frontier models in 2024
11
Models
7 organisations
18%
Open weights
2 open, 9 closed
11
Frontier
By Epoch's flag
405B
Largest traceable
Llama 3.1-405B
2024
Span
2 with a traceable size
Releases
by monthCountry
Domain
Records
11| Model | Organisation | Released | Parameters | Weights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-4o (Nov 2024) | OpenAI | 2024-11 | — | Closed |
| GLM-4-Plus | Z.ai (Zhipu AI) | 2024-08 | — | Closed |
| GPT-4o (Aug 2024) | OpenAI | 2024-08 | — | Closed |
| Grok-2 | xAI | 2024-08 | — | Closed |
| Llama 3.1-405B | Meta AI | 2024-07 | 405B | Open |
| Claude 3.5 Sonnet | Anthropic | 2024-06 | — | Closed |
| Nemotron-4 340B | NVIDIA | 2024-06 | 340B | Open |
| GPT-4o | OpenAI | 2024-05 | — | Closed |
| GPT-4 Turbo (Apr 2024) | OpenAI | 2024-04 | — | Closed |
| Claude 3 Opus | Anthropic | 2024-03 | — | Closed |
| Gemini 1.5 Pro | Google DeepMind | 2024-02 | — | Closed |
An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.
Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.
Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.