Closed-weight language models in 2024
28
Models
16 organisations
0%
Open weights
0 open, 28 closed
3
Frontier
By Epoch's flag
70B
Largest traceable
ALLaM adapted 70B
2024
Span
3 with a traceable size
Releases
by monthOrganisation
Records
28| Model | Organisation | Released | Parameters | Weights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gemini 2.0 Pro | Google DeepMind | 2024-12 | — | Closed |
| o1 | OpenAI | 2024-12 | — | Closed |
| o3 | OpenAI | 2024-12 | — | Closed |
| Gemini-Exp-1114 | Google DeepMind | 2024-11 | — | Closed |
| Doubao-pro | ByteDance | 2024-10 | 500B * | Closed |
| Palmyra X 004 | Writer | 2024-10 | 150B * | Closed |
| Yi-Lightning | 01.AI | 2024-10 | — | Closed |
| Hunyuan Turbo | Tencent | 2024-09 | — | Closed |
| o1-mini | OpenAI | 2024-09 | — | Closed |
| o1-preview | OpenAI | 2024-09 | — | Closed |
| GLM-4-Plus | Z.ai (Zhipu AI) | 2024-08 | — | Closed |
| Grok-2 | xAI | 2024-08 | — | Closed |
| Hairuo | Inspur | 2024-08 | — | Closed |
| AFM-on-device | Apple | 2024-07 | 3B | Closed |
| AFM-server | Apple | 2024-07 | — | Closed |
| DeepL LLM | DeepL | 2024-07 | — | Closed |
| GPT-4o mini | OpenAI | 2024-07 | — | Closed |
| ALLaM adapted 70B | Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority | 2024-05 | 70B | Closed |
| GLM-4 (0520) | Z.ai (Zhipu AI) | 2024-05 | — | Closed |
| Yi-Large | 01.AI | 2024-05 | 100B * | Closed |
| Aramco Metabrain AI | Saudi Aramco | 2024-03 | 250B * | Closed |
| Inflection-2.5 | Inflection AI | 2024-03 | — | Closed |
| ReALM | Apple | 2024-03 | 3B | Closed |
| Gemini 1.5 Pro | Google DeepMind | 2024-02 | — | Closed |
| MegaScale (Production) | ByteDance | 2024-02 | 530B * | Closed |
| Mistral Large | Mistral AI | 2024-02 | — | Closed |
| Kimi Explorer | Moonshot | 2024-01 | — | Closed |
| Palmyra X 003 | Writer | 2024-01 | 72B * | Closed |
An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.
Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.
Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.