Language models from OpenAI in 2025
8
Models
1 organisations
25%
Open weights
2 open, 6 closed
1
Frontier
By Epoch's flag
117B
Largest traceable
gpt-oss-120b
2025
Span
2 with a traceable size
Releases
by monthOrganisation
Country
Records
8| Model | Organisation | Released | Parameters | Weights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-5.2 Codex | OpenAI | 2025-12 | — | Closed |
| GPT-5.1-Codex | OpenAI | 2025-11 | — | Closed |
| GPT-5.1-Codex-Max | OpenAI | 2025-11 | — | Closed |
| gpt-oss-120b | OpenAI | 2025-08 | 117B | Open |
| gpt-oss-20b | OpenAI | 2025-08 | 21B | Open |
| o1-pro | OpenAI | 2025-03 | — | Closed |
| GPT-4.5 | OpenAI | 2025-02 | — | Closed |
| o3-mini | OpenAI | 2025-01 | — | Closed |
An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.
Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.
Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.