The AI Museum
AI Analytics1,072 recordsRecounted 23 September 2026

Closed-weight games models

Weightsopenclosedunknownfrontier only
Year20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016
2 filters active, showing 29 of 1,072 recordsClear all

29

Models

11 organisations

0%

Open weights

0 open, 29 closed

5

Frontier

By Epoch's flag

159M

Largest traceable

OpenAI Five Rerun

1997–2023

Span

9 with a traceable size

Releases

by year, from 2008
2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023

Organisation

Country

Domain

Records

29
Closed-weight games models, newest first. Each row links to the source Epoch AI records for it.
ModelOrganisationReleasedParametersWeights
DreamerV3DeepMind2023-01200M *Closed
DeepNashDeepMind2022-12—Closed
Student of GamesDeepMind2021-12—Closed
EfficientZeroTsinghua University2021-10—Closed
GOATDeepMind2021-073M *Closed
Rational DQN AverageTU Darmstadt2021-022M *Closed
Go-exploreUber AI2020-04—Closed
Agent57DeepMind2020-03—Closed
OpenAI FiveOpenAI2019-12159MClosed
OpenAI Five RerunOpenAI2019-12159MClosed
MuZeroDeepMind2019-1137M *Closed
AlphaStarDeepMind2019-10139MClosed
PluribusFacebook AI Research2019-07—Closed
Hanabi 4 playerDeepMind2019-02764,000Closed
FTW (For The Win)DeepMind2018-07126M *Closed
IMPALADeepMind2018-022MClosed
AlphaZeroDeepMind2017-12—Closed
AlphaGo MasterDeepMind2017-10—Closed
AlphaGo ZeroDeepMind2017-1046MClosed
Rainbow DQNDeepMind2017-10—Closed
LibratusCarnegie Mellon University (CMU)2017-08—Closed
NoisyNet-DuelingDeepMind2017-06—Closed
Dueling DQNGoogle DeepMind2016-042MClosed
Double DQNGoogle DeepMind2016-032MClosed
AlphaGo LeeDeepMind2016-01—Closed
AlphaGo FanDeepMind2015-108M *Closed
TRPOUniversity of California (UC) Berkeley2015-0233,500Closed
Crazy StoneINRIA2006-05—Closed
Deep BlueIBM1997-058,000 *Closed

An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.

Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.

Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.

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