The AI Museum
AI Analytics1,072 recordsRecounted 23 September 2026

Closed-weight models from United States of America in 2023

Weightsopenclosedunknownfrontier only
Year20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016
3 filters active, showing 46 of 1,072 recordsClear all

46

Models

17 organisations

0%

Open weights

0 open, 46 closed

8

Frontier

By Epoch's flag

55B

Largest traceable

RT-2

2023

Span

15 with a traceable size

Releases

by month
Jan
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Organisation

Country

Domain

Records

46
Closed-weight models from United States of America in 2023, newest first. Each row links to the source Epoch AI records for it.
ModelOrganisationReleasedParametersWeights
Gemini 1.0 ProGoogle DeepMind2023-12—Closed
Gemini 1.0 UltraGoogle DeepMind2023-12—Closed
Gemini Nano-1Google DeepMind2023-122BClosed
Gemini Nano-2Google DeepMind2023-123BClosed
GQA-8-XXLGoogle Research2023-1211BClosed
Mamba-24M (SC09)Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)2023-1223MClosed
W.A.L.TStanford University2023-125BClosed
Claude 2.1Anthropic2023-11—Closed
GNoME for crystal discoveryGoogle DeepMind2023-1116M *Closed
GPT-4 Turbo (Nov 2023)OpenAI2023-11—Closed
Inflection-2Inflection AI2023-11—Closed
OmniVecTensorTour2023-11—Closed
PPLX-70B-OnlinePerplexity2023-1170B *Closed
RT-TrajectoryGoogle DeepMind2023-11—Closed
CODEFUSION (Python)Microsoft2023-1075MClosed
DALL·E 3OpenAI2023-10—Closed
PaLI-3Google DeepMind2023-105BClosed
RT-2-XGoogle DeepMind2023-1055BClosed
AlphaMissenseGoogle DeepMind2023-0993M *Closed
Amazon TitanAmazon2023-09200B *Closed
GPT-3.5 Turbo InstructOpenAI2023-0920B *Closed
GPT-4VOpenAI2023-09—Closed
SwiftIntel Labs2023-0856,804 *Closed
AudioLMGoogle Research2023-072B *Closed
Claude 2Anthropic2023-07—Closed
GPT3-2.7B (FlashAttention-2)Stanford University2023-073BClosed
RT-2Google DeepMind2023-0755BClosed
GPT-3.5 TurboOpenAI2023-0620B *Closed
GPT-4 (Jun 2023)OpenAI2023-061.8T *Closed
LTM-1Magic2023-06—Closed
DPO on Pythia-2.8BStanford University2023-053BClosed
Med-PaLM 2Google Research2023-05340B *Closed
PaLI-XGoogle Research2023-0555B *Closed
PaLM 2Google2023-05340B *Closed
Agile Soccer RobotGoogle DeepMind2023-04—Closed
BloombergGPTBloomberg2023-0351BClosed
ClaudeAnthropic2023-03—Closed
FireflyAdobe2023-03—Closed
Gen-2Runway2023-03—Closed
GPT-4 (Mar 2023)OpenAI2023-031.8T *Closed
PaLM-EGoogle2023-03562B *Closed
BASIC-L + LionGoogle2023-023BClosed
Gen-1Runway2023-02—Closed
ViT-22BGoogle2023-0222BClosed
MusicLMGoogle2023-01860MClosed
VALL-EMicrosoft2023-01353M *Closed

An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.

Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.

Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.

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