The AI Museum
AI Analytics1,072 recordsRecounted 23 September 2026

Language models from United States of America in 2022

Weightsopenclosedunknownfrontier only
Year20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016
3 filters active, showing 31 of 1,072 recordsClear all

31

Models

13 organisations

42%

Open weights

13 open, 18 closed

5

Frontier

By Epoch's flag

540B

Largest traceable

PaLM (540B)

2022

Span

21 with a traceable size

Releases

by month
Jan
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Organisation

Country

Domain

Records

31
Language models from United States of America in 2022, newest first. Each row links to the source Epoch AI records for it.
ModelOrganisationReleasedParametersWeights
Hybrid H3-2.7BStanford University2022-123B *Open
GalacticaMeta AI2022-11120B *Open
mT0-13BHugging Face2022-1113BOpen
Flan-PaLM 540BGoogle2022-10540BClosed
LMSI-PalmGoogle2022-10540BClosed
U-PaLM (540B)Google2022-10540BClosed
PaLIGoogle2022-0917B *Closed
AlexaTM 20BAmazon2022-0820BClosed
BLOOM-176BHugging Face2022-07176BOpen
CodeT5-largeSalesforce2022-07770M *Open
NLLBMeta AI2022-0755BOpen
Minerva (540B)Google2022-06540BClosed
DeBERTaV3large + KEARMicrosoft2022-05418MClosed
GPT-2 Medium (FlashAttention)Stanford University2022-05355MOpen
OPT-175BMeta AI2022-05175BOpen
SimCSEPrinceton University2022-05—Open
UL2Google Research2022-0520BOpen
PaLM (540B)Google Research2022-04540BClosed
Sparse all-MLPMeta AI2022-049BClosed
DeepNetMicrosoft Research2022-033BClosed
GPT-3.5 (davinci-002)OpenAI2022-03—Closed
Segatron-XL large, M=384 + HCPMicrosoft Research2022-03257MClosed
Statement Curriculum LearningOpenAI2022-03774M *Closed
GPT-NeoX-20BEleutherAI2022-0220BOpen
LaMDAGoogle2022-02137BClosed
PolyCoderCarnegie Mellon University (CMU)2022-023B *Open
ST-MoEGoogle2022-02269B *Closed
data2vec (language)Meta AI2022-01705M *Open
InstructGPT 1.3BOpenAI2022-011BClosed
InstructGPT 175BOpenAI2022-01175BClosed
InstructGPT 6BOpenAI2022-016BClosed

An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.

Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.

Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.

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