Language models from Google
32
Models
1 organisations
27%
Open weights
6 open, 16 closed
15
Frontier
By Epoch's flag
1.6T
Largest traceable
Switch
2007–2025
Span
18 with a traceable size
Organisation
Country
Records
32| Model | Organisation | Released | Parameters | Weights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gemini 2.5 Deep Think | 2025-08 | — | Closed | |
| PaLM 2 | 2023-05 | 340B * | Closed | |
| Flan-PaLM 540B | 2022-10 | 540B | Closed | |
| LMSI-Palm | 2022-10 | 540B | Closed | |
| U-PaLM (540B) | 2022-10 | 540B | Closed | |
| PaLI | 2022-09 | 17B * | Closed | |
| Minerva (540B) | 2022-06 | 540B | Closed | |
| LaMDA | 2022-02 | 137B | Closed | |
| ST-MoE | 2022-02 | 269B * | Closed | |
| GLaM | 2021-12 | 1.2T | Closed | |
| ByT5-XXL | 2021-05 | 13B * | Open | |
| Switch | 2021-01 | 1.6T | Open | |
| CT-MoS (WT2) | 2020-12 | 45M | Closed | |
| mT5-XXL | 2020-10 | 13B | Open | |
| GShard (dense) | 2020-06 | 2B | Closed | |
| FFN SwiGLU | 2020-02 | 220M | Closed | |
| M4-50B | 2019-10 | 50B | Closed | |
| T5-11B | 2019-10 | 11B | Open | |
| T5-3B | 2019-10 | 3B | Open | |
| NMT Transformer 437M | 2019-02 | 438M | Closed | |
| GPipe (Transformer) | 2018-11 | 6B * | Not recorded | |
| BERT-Large | 2018-10 | 340M | Open | |
| GNMT | 2016-09 | 278M * | Closed | |
| SNM-skip | 2014-12 | 62B * | Not recorded | |
| Seq2Seq LSTM | 2014-09 | 2B | Not recorded | |
| Paragraph Vector | 2014-05 | 32M | Not recorded | |
| RNN for 1B words | 2013-12 | 20B * | Not recorded | |
| Word2Vec (large) | 2013-10 | 692M * | Not recorded | |
| Word2Vec (small) | 2013-10 | 208M * | Not recorded | |
| DistBelief NNLM | 2013-01 | — | Not recorded | |
| KN-LM | 2007-06 | 21B * | Not recorded | |
| SB-LM | 2007-06 | 300B * | Not recorded |
An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.
Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.
Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.